The etiology of sarcoidosis is still unknown, may be an infectious factor, immune factors, but also genetic factors associated with the autoimmune diseases. The immunopathologic hypothesis holds that sarcoidosis is mainly initiated by macrophages under the action of unknown antigens, and that macrophages release many factors, such as IL-1, which leads to the accumulation and proliferation of T helper cells T helper cells secrete cytokines that chemotaxis and aggregate other inflammatory cells. In addition, the stimulated B Lymphopoiesis increased and the fibroblasts began to proliferate. These immunological changes interact to cause inflammatory cells to proliferate and form granulomas in the affected organs.
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