Laparoscope is similar to electronic gastroscope and is an instrument with a miniature camera. Laparoscopic surgery is an operation performed with laparoscope and related instruments: a cold light source is used to provide illumination, and a laparoscopic lens (3-10mm in diameter) is inserted into In the abdominal cavity, the image captured by the laparoscopic lens is transmitted to the post-stage signal processing system through the optical fiber using digital camera technology, and displayed on the special monitor in real time. Then the doctor analyzes and judges the patient's condition through the images of different angles of the patient's organs displayed on the monitor screen, and uses special laparoscopic instruments for surgery. Laparoscopic surgery mostly adopts 2-4 hole operation method, one of which is opened on the belly button of the human body to avoid leaving long scars in the abdominal cavity of the patient. After recovery, only 1-3 holes of 0.5- A 1 cm linear scar can be said to be a small wound and less painful operation, so some people call it "keyhole" surgery. The development of laparoscopic surgery relieves the pain of surgery, shortens the patient's recovery period, and relatively reduces the patient's expenses. It is a surgical project that has developed rapidly in recent years.
How did laparoscopic surgery develop? In 1901, Ott, a gynecologist in Petersburg, Russia, made a small incision in the anterior abdominal wall, inserted a speculum into the abdominal cavity, and used a head mirror to reflect light into the abdominal cavity to examine the abdominal cavity, and called this inspection as laparoscopy. . In 1972, the American Society of Gynecologic Laparoscopy planned to complete nearly 500,000 abdominal examinations in the next few years, which has been widely accepted by gynecologists. In 1986, Cuschieri began to do animal experiments on laparoscopic cholecystectomy. In 1988, at the first World Congress of Surgical Endoscopy Representatives, he reported a successful laparoscopic cholecystectomy in experimental animals. In 1987, Mouret in France completed cholecystectomy under video laparoscopy, marking the beginning of the era of minimally invasive surgery with epoch-making significance in the history of surgery.
Laparoscopic techniques are most suitable for the treatment of certain benign diseases and early-stage tumors, such as fenestration of liver cysts, resection of colorectal tumors, gastric fold for hiatal hernia repair, extra-abdominal hernia repair, gastric leiomyoma resection, gastrointestinal cancer, gastrointestinal Perforation repair and adhesive intestinal obstruction release have unique therapeutic effects. In addition, minimally invasive treatment can be performed for diseases such as thyroid, breast, lower extremity varicose veins, and splenectomy for hypersplenism caused by various reasons, and the effect is remarkable.
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