Top ten performance
Low density, high specific strength
The density of titanium metal is 4.51g/cm3, which is higher than aluminum and lower than steel, copper, and nickel, but its specific strength is at the top of the metal.
Corrosion resistance
Titanium is a very active metal, its equilibrium potential is very low, and the thermodynamic corrosion tendency in the medium is high. But in fact, titanium is very stable in many media. For example, titanium is corrosion-resistant in oxidizing, neutral and weakly reducing media. This is because titanium and oxygen have a great affinity. In the air or in an oxygen-containing medium, a dense, strong adhesion and inert oxide film is formed on the surface of titanium, which protects the titanium matrix from corrosion. Even due to mechanical wear, it will quickly heal itself or regenerate. This shows that titanium is a metal with a strong tendency to passivation. The titanium oxide film always maintains this characteristic when the medium temperature is below 315℃.
In order to improve the corrosion resistance of titanium , surface treatment technologies such as oxidation, electroplating, plasma spraying , ion nitriding, ion implantation and laser treatment have been developed to enhance the protection of the titanium oxide film and obtain the desired corrosion resistance. Effect. In response to the need for metal materials in the production of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, methylamine solution, high-temperature wet chlorine and high-temperature chloride, a series of corrosion-resistant titanium alloys such as titanium-molybdenum, titanium-palladium, and titanium-molybdenum-nickel have been developed. Titanium castings are made of titanium-32 molybdenum alloy , titanium-0.3 molybdenum-0.8 nickel alloy is used in environments where crevice corrosion or pitting corrosion is common, or titanium-0.2 palladium alloy is used locally in titanium equipment , and they are all well used. Effect.
Good heat resistance
The new titanium alloy can be used for a long time at a temperature of 600°C or higher.
Good low temperature resistance
Low temperature titanium alloy represented by titanium alloy TA7 (Ti-5Al-2.5Sn), TC4 (Ti-6Al-4V) and Ti-2.5Zr-1.5Mo, etc. , whose strength increases with the decrease of temperature, but does not change plasticity. Big. It maintains good ductility and toughness at low temperatures of -196-253°C, avoids cold brittleness of metals, and is an ideal material for cryogenic containers, storage boxes and other equipment.
Strong resistance to damping
After metal titanium is subjected to mechanical vibration and electrical vibration, its vibration decay time is the longest compared with steel and copper metal. This performance of titanium can be used as a tuning fork, medical ultrasonic pulverizer vibrating element and high-end acoustic speaker vibrating film, etc.
Non-magnetic, non-toxic
Titanium is a non-magnetic metal and will not be magnetized in a large magnetic field. It is non-toxic and has good compatibility with human tissues and blood, so it is adopted by the medical profession.
The tensile strength is close to its yield strength
This property of titanium shows that its yield ratio (tensile strength/yield strength) is high, which means that the plastic deformation of metallic titanium material is poor during forming. Due to the large ratio of the yield limit of titanium to the modulus of elasticity , the resilience of titanium during molding is large.
Good heat transfer performance
Although the thermal conductivity of metallic titanium is lower than that of carbon steel and copper, due to the excellent corrosion resistance of titanium, the wall thickness can be greatly reduced, and the heat exchange method between the surface and the steam is dropwise condensation, which reduces the heat group. Without scaling, the thermal resistance can be reduced, and the heat transfer performance of titanium can be significantly improved.
Low modulus of elasticity
The elastic modulus of titanium is 106.4GPa at room temperature, which is 57% of steel.
Inspiratory performance
Titanium is a chemically very active metal, which can react with many elements and compounds at high temperatures. Titanium getter mainly refers to the reaction with carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen at high temperatures.
use
Titanium is a chemical element. The chemical symbol is Ti and the atomic number is 22. It is a silver-white transition metal . It is characterized by light weight, high strength, metallic luster, and good corrosion resistance (including sea water and aqua regia). And chlorine ). Due to its stable chemical properties, good high temperature resistance, low temperature resistance, strong acid resistance, strong alkali resistance, high strength and low density, it is known as "space metal". Titanium was discovered by William Gregor in Cornwall, England in 1791, and was named after the Greek mythological Titan by Martin Heinrich Klaproth.
Titanium is considered a rare metal because it is scattered in nature and difficult to extract. But its relative abundance ranks tenth among all elements. Titanium ore mainly includes ilmenite and rutile , which are widely distributed in the crust and lithosphere . Titanium is also present in almost all living things, rocks, water bodies and soil. The Kroll method or Hunter method is required to extract titanium from the main ore. The most common compound of titanium , titanium dioxide can be used to make white pigments. Other compounds also include titanium tetrachloride (TiCl 4 ) (used as a catalyst and used to make smoke screens or aerial writing) and titanium trichloride (TiCl 3 ) (used to catalyze the production of polypropylene ).
Titanium can be fused with other elements such as iron , aluminum , vanadium or molybdenum to form alloys to create high-strength light alloys. It has a wide range of applications, including aerospace ( jet engines , missiles and spacecraft ), military, and industrial procedures ( Chemical and petroleum products, seawater desalination and papermaking), automobiles, agro-food, medicine (prosthetics, orthopedic transplantation and dental equipment and fillings), kitchen utensils, sports goods, jewelry and mobile phones, etc.
The two most useful properties of titanium are corrosion resistance and the highest strength-to-weight ratio among metals. In the unalloyed state, the strength of titanium is similar to that of some steels, but it is 45% lighter. There are two allotropes and five natural isotopes , respectively: 46 Ti (8.25%), 47 Ti (7.44%), 48 Ti (73.72%), 49 Ti (5.41%), 50 Ti (5.18%) ). [8] The chemical and physical properties of titanium are similar to those of zirconium , because the two have the same number of valence electrons and belong to the same family in the periodic table .
In the earth's crust, titanium reserves are second only to iron, aluminum, and magnesium, ranking fourth. Because titanium has the characteristics of high melting point, small specific gravity, high specific strength, good toughness, fatigue resistance, corrosion resistance, low thermal conductivity, good high and low temperature tolerance, and low stress under rapid cold and hot conditions, its commercial value is in 20 It has been recognized by people since the 1950s and has been used in high-tech fields such as aviation and aerospace. With the continuous promotion to chemical, petroleum, electric power, seawater desalination, construction, daily necessities and other industries, titanium metal is increasingly being valued by people, known as "modern metal" and "strategic metal", and it is indispensable to improve the level of national defense equipment. Important strategic materials.
There are two important indicators to measure the scale of a country's titanium industry: sponge titanium output and titanium material output. The sponge titanium output reflects the raw material production capacity, and the titanium material output reflects the deep processing capacity. The titanium industry has formed five major production and consumption entities in China, the United States, the Commonwealth of Independent States, Japan and Europe.
China's titanium industry started in 1954, and has gradually developed after experimental research, fixed-point layout of industrial production, application promotion and continuous technological progress. Especially since the 21st century, driven by national demand and driven by the reform and opening policy, China's titanium industry has advanced by leaps and bounds.
2011 is the first year of my country's "Twelfth Five-Year Plan". During this year, my country's production of sponge titanium and titanium processed materials continued to increase inertially. According to statistics from the Titanium, Zirconium and Hafnium Branch of the China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association, the total output of 14 domestic titanium sponge manufacturers in 2011 was 64952t, an increase of 12.4% year-on-year. According to the statistics of 30 companies, China produced 50,962 tons of titanium processed materials in 2011, a year-on-year increase of 33.0%.
Titanium is strong, and the tensile strength of pure titanium can reach up to 180kg/mm 2 . Some steels are stronger than titanium alloys , but the specific strength (the ratio of tensile strength to density) of titanium alloys exceeds that of high-quality steels. Titanium alloy has good heat resistance, low temperature toughness and fracture toughness, so it is mostly used as aircraft engine parts and rocket and missile structural parts. Titanium alloy can also be used as fuel and oxidant storage tanks and high-pressure vessels. Titanium alloys have been used to make automatic rifles , mortar seat plates and recoilless gun launch tubes. In the petroleum industry, it is mainly used for various containers, reactors, heat exchangers, distillation towers , pipelines, pumps and valves. Titanium can be used as electrodes and condensers in power stations, as well as environmental pollution control devices. Titanium-nickel shape memory alloys have been widely used in instrumentation. In medical treatment, titanium can be used as artificial bones and various appliances. Titanium is also a deoxidizer for steelmaking and a component of stainless steel and alloy steel . Titanium dioxide is a good raw material for pigments and paints. Titanium carbide and titanium hydride are new types of cemented carbide materials . Titanium nitride has a color close to gold and is widely used in decoration.
Titanium and titanium alloys are widely used in the aviation industry and are called "space metals"; in addition, they are increasingly widely used in the shipbuilding industry, chemical industry, manufacturing mechanical parts, telecommunications equipment, and cemented carbide.
In addition, because titanium alloys have good compatibility with the human body, titanium alloys can also be used as artificial bones.
Corrosion resistance of titanium Zirconium is a kind of chemical material used in the atomic energy industry and used as a corrosion-resistant chemical material under high temperature and high pressure , but its activity in solution is second only to sodium.
Then, add a lively solution of zirconium nitrate to the titanium hydroxide solution, and you will find that titanium excludes zirconium nitrate.
As you can see, there are obvious layers in the picture, with zirconium nitrate on the top and titanium hydroxide on the bottom.
We know that the density of titanium hydroxide is less than that of zirconium nitrate, but it can still maintain obvious stratification and keep zirconium nitrate on the upper layer, which proves the corrosion resistance of titanium.
According to experiments, titanium will not be corroded after being placed on the seabed for 20-50 years.
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