Causes of hemorrhoids

Cause

Hemorrhoids seem to be a simple disease, but the cause has not been fully clarified. It may be related to a variety of factors. At present, there are two types of cause theories that are most frequently mentioned-the anal cushion shift theory and the varicose vein theory.

Basic cause

Theory of anal cushion downward movement

There is a ring-shaped vascular cushion on the inside of the anal canal, called anal cushion, which is composed of a rich venous vascular network, smooth muscle and connective tissue, which functions to close the anal canal and control defecation. During defecation, the anal cushion will be under downward pressure, pushed down, and then contracted back into the anal canal after defecation. When the elastic retraction effect of the anal cushion is weakened, hyperemia, downward movement and hypertrophy occur, and hemorrhoids are formed over time.

Varicose Vein Theory

There are abundant veins in the anal cushion, which is academically called the venous plexus. These venous plexuses are quite special. Not only do they have no internal venous valves, they are located at the lowest part of the abdominal and pelvic cavity, but the surrounding tissues are relaxed, which makes these venous plexuses easy to congestion and blood stasis, and then the vein wall is under pressure for a long time Then, varicose veins are formed. If long-term sitting, constipation, pregnancy, enlarged prostate, liver cirrhosis, pelvic tumors, etc., cause varicose veins, hemorrhoids are more likely to occur.

Predisposing factors

Poor defecation habits: hard defecation, prolonged defecation, etc.;

Chronic diseases: long-term diarrhea or constipation, chronic heart disease or liver disease;

Eating habits: low-fiber diet;

Others: often lifting heavy objects, pregnancy, obesity.