Overview
Caused by venous congestion and enlargement of the anal canal or lower rectum
Bleeding, pain, anal itching and prolapse of hemorrhoids during defecation
It is more common in people aged 45-65
Generally curable, a small number of patients may relapse
Disease definition
Hemorrhoids, or hemorrhoids, is the most common anorectal disease. Due to congestion or stasis and swelling of the venous plexus at the lower end of the anal canal or rectum, it is prone to bleeding, pain, anal itching, and hemorrhoids during defecation (commonly known as "meat fat") Symptoms such as prolapse. Hemorrhoids can be divided into external hemorrhoids, internal hemorrhoids and mixed hemorrhoids.
Epidemiology
There is an exaggerated saying "ten people and nine hemorrhoids", which shows that this disease is very common. Due to the existence of a large number of asymptomatic people, the true incidence of hemorrhoids is not clear.
In 2015, the epidemiological survey of anorectal diseases showed that the prevalence rate of anorectal diseases among urban and rural residents over 18 years old in my country was as high as 50.1%. Among them, hemorrhoids is the most common anorectal disease, with a prevalence rate of 49.14%, while hemorrhoids The number of patients is 98.09% of all people suffering from anorectal diseases.
The peak incidence of hemorrhoids is 45 to 65 years old, and the prevalence gradually decreases after 65 years of age.
Type of disease
Hemorrhoids are classified into internal hemorrhoids, external hemorrhoids and mixed hemorrhoids according to the growth position.
Internal hemorrhoids
It is located above the dentate line, that is, the lower end of the rectum. Generally, it will not be exposed through the anal margin. In severe cases, it will be prolapsed.
external hemorrhoids
Located below the dentate line, that is, in the anal canal, hemorrhoids can often be felt at the anal margin. Patients will feel pain, swelling, foreign body sensation and itching around the anus.
Mixed hemorrhoids
Near the dentate line, it is formed by the internal and external hemorrhoids varicose plexus and anastomosis with each other, and it has the characteristics of internal and external hemorrhoids.
Among them, internal hemorrhoids are graded according to the degree of prolapse of hemorrhoids from the anal canal:
Grade I hemorrhoids: Hemorrhoids bleed during stool, with swelling and no prolapse.
Grade Ⅱ hemorrhoids: Hemorrhoids prolapse during defecation, and can be reset after defecation, which may be accompanied by bleeding.
Grade III hemorrhoids: Hemorrhoids prolapse when exerting force (defecation or standing for a long time, coughing, fatigue or weight bearing), manual reset is required, and bleeding may occur.
Grade IV hemorrhoids: long-term prolapse of hemorrhoids, manual resetting is ineffective, and bleeding may occur.
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